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R. Aruna , P. Balasubramanian , P. Radhakrishnan

Abstract

The Attappady Hills Area Development Society (AHADS) as part of eco-restoration programmes in Attappady hills, Western Ghats, initiated tree planting programmes to identify the bird-attracting species. Study sites were chosen in the degraded dry deciduous forests of Attappady and the adjoining Anaikatty reserve forests representing the mixed dry deciduous forest. Frugivorous birds were ascertained by making extended feeding watches on fleshyfruited plant species and bird counts along transects. Twenty nine bird species were observed to eat fruits. Among the frugivore visitors, bulbuls (5 species) made highest number of feeding visits (45%), followed by mynas, 2 species (16%), babblers, 3 species (14.5%) and others. A total of 40 bird-attracting species were recorded in the study area. Moraceae represented by six species was found to be the most dominant bird-attracting family followed by Rutaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Among the 40 species, Ficus benghalensis attracted maximum number of avian frugivores followed by Ficus microcarpa, Benkara malabarica, Cassine glauca and Canthium dicoccum. A suggestion is made to plant the bird-attracting native species in the degraded sites of Attappady.

Keywords

Frugivory, Birds, Seed Dispersal, Western Ghats

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R. Aruna ¹, Sasikala Ethirajulu ¹, S. Jega Jothi Pandian ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Siddha Central Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai-106, IN
2 Siddha Central Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai-106, IN

Abstract

Boerhaavia diffusa, commonly known as punarnava in Sanskrit and Mukkarattai in Tamil, is a herbaceous plant of the family Nyctaginaceae. The whole plant or its specific parts (leaves, stem, and ischolar_mains) are known to have medicinal properties. In Siddha system of medicine it is used as expectorant, diuretic, laxative, refrigerant, anthelmintic and emetic. Leaves opposite in unequal pairs, larger ones 2.5-3.8 cm long and smaller ones 1.2-1.8 cm long, ovate, oblong or sub orbicular, apex rounded or slightly pointed, base subcordate; petiole long, nearly as long as the blade, slender. Microscopically, T.S of lamina is dorsiventral in structure, Stomatal index for adaxial epidermis 11-14, abaxial epidermis 10-13, vein islet number 9-15 and palisade ratio 3 to 6. The presence of Kranz anatomy, Tannin idioblasts, crystalline granules of Calcium oxalate, idioblasts containing raphides, ranunculaceous stomata on both the surface of the leaf are therefore diagnostic characters to identify Boerhaavia diffusa.

Keywords

Siddha, Boerhaavia diffusa L., Leaf, Pharmacognosy, Kranz Anatomy.

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R. Aruna ¹, S. Thanasundari ¹

Affiliations
1 V.V. Vanniaperumal College for Women, Virudhunagar (T.N.), IN

Abstract

The non-governmental sector is a growing worldwide phenomenon. Organizations across the globe account for growing and impressive figures in employment, revenue, services provided and sheer numbers. Whereas the past years have seen quite a few insolvencies and business collapses caused by management failures. NGOs concerned with development face the management of a complex and diverse range of issues. NGOs face internal management issues, for example questions of strategic planning, budgeting, staffing, and the governing structure of the organization, growth and change within the organization. NGOs also face the management of external relationships, relations with government, the private sector, other NGOs and with their target communities. All of these come to bear on the possibility of NGOs managing development. The effectiveness of NGOs as actors in development and change depends on successful engagement with both internal and external management questions and also on the successful articulation between issues of internal and external management. Although NGOs share many individual characteristics with other sorts of organizations, the various collections of characteristics that are observable in many NGOs create a package that is quite different from most for-profit organizations (FPOs). Some scholars argued; legal constraints, revenue sources, types of personnel, and the nature of governance in NGOs make them unique. There is a growing debate within the non-governmental management literature and the community of non-governmental about whether NGOs should become more "business like".

Keywords

NGOs, Organizational Problems.

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R. Aruna ¹, S. S. Padmapriya ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G. Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam-612001, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

From the ancient period cow's urine has been used as a medicine. In India, drinking of cow urine has been practiced for thousands of years. Indiscriminate uses of antibiotics have caused microbial resistance and also lead side effects. To overcome from such situation plants and animal materials are widely used for the treating various substances due to antimicrobial properties in aquaculture. In Aquaculture, cow urine has been used to improve general health of an individual. Therefore, the present study is under taken to study in vitro antibacterial potential of cow urine against fish pathogenic bacteria, like, (Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherishia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylicoccus aerus) the method employed to study the different concentration of cow urine (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, control used as distilled water) antibacterial activity is agar disc diffusion technique. A reference standard drug, Amphicillin was used. The results showed good antibacterial activity of cow urine against most of the test bacterial strains by exhibiting zone of inhibition. These results thus proves that indigenous cow urine possess good inhibitory activities against fish pathogens and can be used to control infectious diseases.

Keywords

Cow Urine, Fish Pathogens, Antibacterial Activity, Aeromonas hydrophila.

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R. Aruna ¹, S. Sairabanu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Systems, Karpagam University, Coimbatore - 641021, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: In the paper, AN intelligent technique is planned for dominant the speed of Interior Static Magnet Electric Motor (IPMSM). AN intelligent technique is that the combos of Multi Ripple Remodel (MWT) and Accommodative Neuro Fuzzy Illation Systems (ANFIS) with aid of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithmic rule. Initially, AN objective perform is outlined that is subjected to equality or difference constraints for dominant the performance of IPMSM. Methods: Here, the error signal of speed is applied to the input of planned self standardization model that's calculated by sensing the motor speed. At intervals the planned controller, the multi riffle make over is utilized to decompose the error signal getable from the actual speed and command speed signal into altogether completely different frequency parts. Findings: Then, the controller gain is about from the activity model that depends on the speed variation of the system. The parameters of the planned controller area unit are optimized by victimization fundamentals formula. Then the calculated error coefficients are exaggerated with their individual gains to return up with associate overall management signal. Application and Improvements: The projected management model is enforced in MATLAB/Simulink operating platform and therefore the management performance is evaluated with completely different speed levels. Moreover, the result of projected management is compared with existing management techniques similar to pelvic inflammatory disease controller, wave based mostly MRPID controllers and MWNN-PSO based MRPID controller.

Keywords

ABC, ANFIS, IPMSM, MRPID Controller, Multi Wavelet, Speed and PSO.

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R. Aruna ¹, T. Venkateswara Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla Educational Society, Bapatla, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
2 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla Educational Society, Bapatla, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN

Abstract

Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker which undergoes extensive hepatic first pass metabolism by liver; its absorption from upper part of GIT is very low and has poor oral bioavailability of 40% - 60%. In the present investigation Diltiazem Hydrochloride was formulated as a bilayer floating tablets in order to achieve the Gastric residence time and to minimize the flactuations in blood level i.e the drug was released from the SR layer. Bilayer floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. Immediate release layer was formulated by using various suerdisintegrantents such as sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone and sustained release layer was formulated by different grades hydrophilic polymers i.e. HPMCK4M, HPMCE5 and HPMCK100M.The drug- excipient compatibility studies were conducted by IR spectroscopy. The tablets were evaluated for weight variation hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, in-vitro buoyancy studies and in-vitro dissolution studies. The drug was released from an immediate release layer was 20mins followed by sustained release layer for 12hrs.The dissolution data were fitted into zero order, first order, Higuchi and Peppas mechanism. The drug release from the formulation F20 followed first order kinetics and exhibited Peppas transport mechanism.

Keywords

Diltiazem Hydrochloride, SSG, Croscarmellose Sodium, Crosovidone, HPMCK4M, HMCE5, HPMCK100M.

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R. Aruna ¹, J. Nithyapriya ², V. S. Ramachandran ³, K. Gopakumar ⁴, R. S. Ramaswamy ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Siddha Central Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai-106, IN
2 Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, IN
3 Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, IN
4 Siddha Central Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai-106, IN
5 Central Council for Research in Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai-106, IN

Abstract

Global food security has become increasingly dependent on a handful of crops. Over 50 percent of the daily global requirement of proteins and calories is met by just three crops like maize, wheat and rice and only 150 crops are commercialized on a significant global scale. The objective of this study is to assess the utility of the cultivated edible plants used by the Irulars tribes in Coimbatore district forest region (Anaikatty). A total of 75 species are enumerated in this investigation. As sources of cultivated plants, herbs are dominant with 25 species, shrubs with 18 species, climbers with 20 species and trees with 12 species. The Solanaceae recorded the highest number of species (7 species) followed by Cucurbitaceae and Amaranthaceae with 6 species. The traditional knowledge of the utility of these species which has been handed over from one generation to another faces extinction, due to their urbanization and change in their lifestyle. Therefore, it is important to document their traditional knowledge before it vanishes. The result of the present study provides the list of cultivated edible plants which play an important role in supplying the edible plants to this ethnic community for their optimal and sustainable utilization.

Keywords

Edible Plants, Irular Tribe, Anaikatty, Western Ghats, India.

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B. Manjula ¹, R. Aruna ², N. Sai Prasanna ¹, C. Ramana ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering, Madakasira, Anantapuram (A.P.), IN
2 College of Food Science and Technology (A.N.G.R.A.U.), Chinnarangapuram, Pulivendula, Kadapa (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Tamarind is an evergreen crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is also called as “Indian Date” from the date like appearance of dried pulp. The fruit is good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins and also contains small amounts of vitamin A and C. Processing increases shelf-life of fruit and apart from increasing value. It also increases income to growers and processors. An attempt was made to use tamarind pulp for preparation of value added products from tamarind pulp like tamarind jam in the ratio of 1:2 (pulp: sugar), tamarind sauce in the ratio of 1:0.8:0.4 (Pulp: Sugar: Water) and tamarind squash in the ratio of 1: 0.06: 3.3: 1.6 (Pulp: Mint juice: Sugar: Water). In the present study, ripe tamarind fruit was analysed for various physical properties of tamarind fruit like length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface index and surface index and surface area were found to be 62.51 mm, 16.54 mm, 10.15 mm, 21.93 mm, 0.35 and 1510.11 mm², respectively.Value added products were analysed for bio-chemical characteristics like titratable acidity, pH, reducing sugar, fat, moisture, total soluble solids, carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content, etc Changes in the bio-chemical constituents of the value added products were studied. Tamarind possesses great potentials for making jam, sauce, squash and other products and is safe for human consumption. Further development of these value added products from tamarind pulp to an industrial status was recommended.

Keywords

Tamarind, Value Added Products, Physical Characteristics, Bio-Chemical Characteristics, Moisture Content, Ash Content.

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